Developmental Milestone Chart for Children

Developmental Milestone Chart for Children

Physical, Sensory, Cognitive, Linguistic, & Behavioral Milestones From Birth to Eighteen Years

From Birth to Age One

Physical Milestones

Ergometric Graphic Age 2 months (male-female)

0-4 months 50-300 ml/day urine production
0-7 years PMI (point of maximum impulse of heart) located at 3rd or 4th intercostal space, just left of midclavicular line
0-2 years respiration rate 24 to 34 respirations per minute
0-1 years pulse rate 135 ± 3.1
0-1 year blood pressure 90 ± 25 systolic, 61 ± 19 diastolic
0-1 year pulse 70-180, respiration 30-40
0-1 year temperature : 99.6F rectal, 98.6F oral, 97.4F axillary
0-1 year PaO2 85-100, PaCO2 35-45
0-15 months eliminates urine & feces automatically; may need up to 30 diapers a day as newborn
0-2 1/2 years naps easily
2 months weight gain between 1 lb. 4 oz. and 1 lb. 12 oz.
2 months needs approximately 550 calories / day
26 – 29 oz. / day of formula (sole source of calories)
2 months stools continue to be loose and watery, urine is light in color and odorless
2 months height gain of 2 inches
2 months a 1-inch increase of head circumference
2 months closure of posterior fontanel
2 months doll's eye reflex, dance reflex, grasp reflex, Galant response and crawling reflex disappearing
Grasp reflex: The infant will try to grasp a finger placed in the infant's open palm. Attempting to remove the finger causes the grip to tighten.
Crawling reflex: The infant will make crawling motions when placed on abdomen.
Galant response; If the infant is placed face down on a lap, and the lower back is stroked on one side, the infant will arch his trunk to the stimulated side.
2 months hands are frequently open
2 months less head lag
2 months when on stomach, able to lift head almost 45 degrees
2 months decreased flexion of extremities while on stomach
3 months 2 Tbsp / day of cereal may be given at 10am and 6 pm feedings
3 ½ – 4 months 1 tsp. / day of fruit may be given, note that bananas & applesauce are constipating and pears, peaches, prunes, etc. are bowel softeners
4 months the average child should weigh 14 lb. height 25 in. (
weight gain between 2 lb. 8 oz. and 3 lb. 8 oz. and a height gain of 4 inches from 2 months
4 months needs approximately 700 calories / day
25 – 30 oz. / day formula, baby will feed 5 times a day
1 tsp. / day of green vegetables may be given at noon meal, one new vegetable may be introduced per week, high sugar yellow vegetables are given last
4 months stools are firmer and less frequent
4 months - 2 years 350-550 ml/day urine production
4 months a 2 inch increase of head circumference from 2 month old size
4 months Moro reflex, tonic reflex, rooting reflex, Palmar-Mental, McCarthy reflex, Nasopalpebral reflex and Perez reflex disappearing
Moro reflex: If the infant's weight is removed by lifting it’s body slightly and releasing suddenly. The infant should have a "startled" look, and fling it’s arms out sideways with the palms up and the thumbs flexed.
Tonic reflex or fencer’s position: The tonic neck reflex is elicited when the head of a relaxed child, lying supine, is rotated to the side. The arm toward which the infant is facing extends straight away from the body with the hand partially open while the arm on the side away from the face is flexed and the fist is clenched tightly. Reversing the direction in which the face is turned reverses the position.
Rooting reflex: If the cheek is stroked the infant will turn toward the side that was stroked and begin to make sucking motions with its mouth.
Palmar-Mental Reflex: If pressure is placed on both of the infant’s palms, his mouth will open, this eyes will close and his head will turn. This reflex is at its strongest in the first month.
McCarthy reflex: If the infant’s forehead is tapped above one eye, only that eye will blink.
Nasopalpebral reflex: If the bridge of the infant’s nose is tapped very gently, both eyes will close.
4 months almost no head lag while in a sitting position
4 months able to sit straight up if propped
4 months able to raise head 90 degrees when placed on stomach
4 months able to roll from back to one side
4 months tries to reach objects with hands, but commonly overshoots
4 months plays with rattle when placed in hands, but unable to pick it up if dropped
4 months grasps rattle with both hands
4 months able to place objects in mouth
5 months 1 tsp. / day of meat (beef, liver, veal, turkey, chicken, lamb, or pork) may be given, one new meat may be introduced per week
5-9 months lower central incisors (2) [deciduous]
6 months accommodation (pupil dilation for distant objects) present
6 months the average child should weigh 18 lb. height 26 1/2 in.
6 months needs approximately 900 total calories / day (formula & solid food combined)
38 - 45 oz. / day of formula (5 feedings of larger amounts – reduced as solid foods introduced, weaning begins)
1 tsp. / day of egg yolk may be given, however, it may produce an allergic response
6 months stools are less watery and better formed
6 months should have doubled birth weight
6 months height gain of 6 inches
6 months a 3-inch increase of
head circumference
6 months able to lift chest and head while on stomach bearing the weight on hand
6 months able to sit in a high chair with a straight back
6 months beginning of
teething
6 months increased
drooling
6 months beginning of Landau reflex
Landau reflex: when an infant is held in the prone position, the entire body forms a convex upward arc; gentle pressure on the head or gravity flexes the neck and hip, reversing the arc.
6 months able to bear almost all weight when supported in a standing position
6 months able to roll from back onto abdomen
6 months able to hold own bottle
6 months able to pick up a dropped object
9-12 months palmar grasp reflex disappears
6 -12 months sleeps 10-12 hours per night & 20min. to 3 hours daytime naps
7 months the following fresh foods may be given:
Avocado: Smother and mild, this fruit can be mashed and spoon-fed
Chickpeas: serve mashed.
8 months the average child should weigh 20 lb. height 27 in.
8 months 29 – 32 oz. / day formula ( 12 – 16 oz. / day if weaned )
4 – 8 Tbsp / day cereal
16 – 20 Tbsp / day fruits, vegetables, & meats
Fish may be introduced after 8 months: Cut into tiny pieces and mash to make sure that there are no bones. Stuart with a mild fish, such as flounder, cod, or whiting.
Flaxseed/flaxseed oil may be introduced after 8 months: Waffles, breads and breakfast cereals contain flax. The seeds may be ground in a spice grinder and added to baked goods, pancakes or ground beef.
Kidney beans and lentils: may be introduced after 8 months: Serve mashed. Bean soups served warm and puréed, are another option.
Tofu may be introduced after 8 months: Cook fresh tofu in a microwave oven, then cut into tiny cubes that can be picked up by litte fingers. Or pureee with rice, potatoes or vegetables.
Tomatoes may be introduced after 8 months: Tiny slices of tomato may be fed or try spaghetti sauce.
Whole Grains may be introduced after 8 months: Try brown rice or whole-wheat bread.
8-12 months upper central incisors (2) [deciduous]
8-12 months sit up strongly without support
8-12 months creep and pull himself up
8-12 months begin to use one hand more than the other
8-12 months begin chopped foods
8-12 months make sounds like da-da and ma-ma
9 months weight should increase by 2 lb. 4 oz. to 3 lb. 12 oz.
9 months height gain of 1 ½ inches since 6 months old
9 months 26-36oz. / day formula or cow’s milk ( 12 – 16 oz. / day if weaned )
6 Tbsp / day cereal
18 – 20 Tbsp / day fruits, breads, vegetables, meats, finger foods
9 months bowel and bladder systems become more regulated
9 months parachute reflex appears
Parachute reflex: If the child is held upright and the body is rotated quickly face forward as if falling. The arms are reflexively extended as if to break a fall to protect self from falling.
9 months crawls
9 months can remain sitting for prolonged periods
9 months may pull self to standing position
9 months begins preference for dominant hand
9 months has a pincer grasp between thumb and index finger
9-12 months plantar reflex disappears
Plantar reflex: If the sole of the foot is irritated with an object, the infant’s toes will contract
9-12 months neck righting reflex disappears
Neck righting reflex: The infant will rotate the truck in the direction in which the head of the supine infant is turned
10 months the average child should weigh 22 lb. height 29 in.
10 months 24 – 32 oz. / day formula or cow’s milk ( 12 – 16 oz. / day if weaned )

6-8 Tbsp / day cereal

18 – 24 Tbsp / day fruits, breads, vegetables, meats, finger foods

10-12 months upper lateral incisors (2) [deciduous]

Sensory and Cognitive Milestones

2 months searches to locate sounds
2 months head turns from side to side with auditory stimulation at the level of the ear
2 months beginning to visually fix on close objects
2 months crying becomes differentiated
2 months coos
2 months vocal response to familiar voices
2 months smiles in response to stimuli
4 months close vision well established
4 months eye-hand coordination beginning
4 months can make the consonant sounds: n, k, p, g, b
4 months laughs out loud
4 months anticipates feeding when able to see a bottle (if bottle-fed)
4 months begins to show memory
4 months demands attention by fussing
6 months vision has improved to between 20/60 and 20/40
6 months can localize sounds not made in a direct plane with the ear
6 months prefers more complex auditory stimulation
6 months starts to imitate sounds
6 months sounds resemble one-syllable words
6 months enjoys hearing own voice
6 months makes sounds to mirror and toys
6 months begins to fear strangers
6 months recognizes parents
6 months begins to imitate actions
6 months begins to realize that if an object is dropped it is still there and just needs to be picked up
9 months development of depth perception
9 months can respond to simple commands
9 months understands the meaning of no
9 months may be afraid of being left alone

Language Milestones

Recognizes name
Says 2-3 words besides "mama" and "dada"
Imitates familiar words
Understands simple instructions
Recognizes words as symbols for objects: Car - points to garage, cat - meows

Social/Behavioral Milestones

0-1 month Indefinite gaze at surroundings. Listens to sounds. Watches Mother’s face when she feeds or talks to him.
3-4 months Spontaneous smile. Brings hands together and watches them. Pulls clothes over face when he plays. Recognizes feeding bottle.
5-6 months Puts everything in mouth. Plays with toes and grasps feet. Pats bottle with both hands when being fed. Smiles or talks to image in mirror.
7-8 months Pats image of self in mirror. Feeds self cracker. Holds bottle. Responds to name.
9-10 months Puts hands around cup. Plays peekaboo. Shows shyness, fear of strangers, and clings to familiar persons. May not want to be left by mother.
12 months Waves good-bye and pat-a-cakes. Cooperative with dress. Holds arm or leg out. Gives toys upon request. Drinks from cup without help.

Between One and Two

Physical Milestones

Ergometric Graphic Age12-15 months (male-female)

Ergometric Graphic Age 20-23 months (male-female)

1-2 years pulse rate 105 ± 1.8
1-2 year blood pressure 96 ± 27 systolic, 65 ± 27 diastolic
1-2 year pulse 80-140, respiration 28-32
1-2 year temperature : 99.6F rectal, 98.6F oral, 97.4F axillary
1-2 year PaO2 85-100, PaCO2 35-45
12 months the average child should weigh 23 lb. height 30 in.
12 months weight should have tripled since birth and height should have increased by 50% over birth length
12 months the head circumference should equal that of the chest
12 months the anterior fontanelle (the front soft spot on the head) should be almost closed
12 months the average child should have 6 teeth; lower lateral incisors (2) [deciduous] & anterior molars (4) [deciduous]
12 months Placing reflex disappears
Placing reflex: If the infant is held upright and his foot is positioned against the edge of a tabletop, he will attempt to move his foot to the top of the table.
12-18 months Babinski sign disappears
Babinski sign: when the lateral aspect of the sole of the relaxed foot is stroked, the great toe is flexed
12 months - 2 1/2 years sleeps 10-12 hours night
12 months needs 6-8 diapers a day minimum
12 months The following foods may be introduced after 12 months:
Eggs: After twelve months, the probability of developing egg allergies are vastly reduced. They may be served scrambled, boiled, or in omelettes and frittatas. Do not serve coddled eggs or undercooked egg dishes. Cut into tiny pieces.
Yogurt: After twelve months, the probability of developing allergies to cow’s milk are vastly reduced. Chop fresh strawberries or bananas and add them to plain, nonfat yogurt.
12 months may recognize when he has wet or soiled himself
12 months may walk a wide-legged gait, but may prefer crawling
12 months may walk with the support of one hand
12 months may stack blocks and try to build a tower out of two blocks
12 months turns through pages of a book by flipping many at a time
12 months can sit down without help
12 months may get to a standing position from a squat, pivot a quarter of the way around, and lower himself to a sitting position
12 months may become a very picky eater, and become more negative, especially at meals and naptime
12 months may give attention to people and objects
12 months may have renewed fear of strangers and strange situations
12-15 months walk alone or with a little help
12-15 months lower himself from a standing to a sitting position
12-15 months hold a cup to drink from
12-18 months learns bowel control
12-24 months voids urine 8+ times a day
12-24 months Landau reflex disappears
14 months the average child should weigh 24 lb. height 31 in.
15-18 months show a little cooperation at being dressed
15-18 months walk alone
15-18 months use a spoon
15-18 months build a tower of two blocks and fit a peg into its proper hole
18 months fontanelle closes
18 months the average child should have 12 teeth
18 months the average child should weigh 26 lb. height 32 1/2 in.
18 months growth slows
18 months the child is physically able to control sphincter muscles, but the child may not be psychologically ready to use the toilet
18 months there are usually two bowel movements per day; after breakfast and after supper, there may be a third in the midmorning standing at the side of the crib or playpen
18 months able to run with a
lack of coordination
18 months inwardly (or less commonly, outwardly) turned toes straighten out allowing improved balance and more skilled walking
18 months falls frequently
18 months able to jump in place
18 months able to get onto chairs without assistance
18 months can build a tower of 3 to 4 blocks
18 months can turn the pages of a book two or three at a time
18 months abdomen protrudes, arms and legs lengthen
18 months fine muscle coordination begins to develop
18 months big muscles become well developed
18-24 months urinates every 2-3 hours
18-24 months canines (4) [deciduous]
18-24 months good control with a spoon
18-24 months throw a ball into a box
18-24 months build a high tower with blocks
18-24 months may start toilet training

Sensory and Cognitive Milestones

12 months follows a fast moving object
12 months has control over response to sounds
12 months searches for objects that are hidden, but unable to consider alternative locations
12 months may develop attachment to a toy or object
12 months experiences separation anxiety and may cling to parents
12 months may make brief exploratory journeys away from parents in familiar settings
18 months understands and able to identify through pointing common objects
18 months frequently imitates
18 months able to take off some clothing items; gloves, shoes & socks
18 months begins to feel a sense of ownership identifying people and objects by saying "my"

Language Milestones

12 months comprehends several words
12 months can say mamma, papa and at least two other words
12 months comprehends simple commands
12 months tries to imitate animal sounds
12 months associates names with objects
12-15 months say a few words
12-15 months combines two words such as "daddy bye-bye"
15-18 months have a five to ten word vocabulary
18 months can say 10 or more words
18 months uses words such as "more" to make wants known
18-24 months say short sentences

Social/Behavioral Milestones

12 months Waves good-bye and plays pat-a-cake
12 months Gives a toy when asked
12 months Pints to his or her toes, eyes, and nose
12 months Brings object from another room when asked
15 months Feeds self. Uses a spoon, but is messy. Imitates Mother in household duties.
18 months Drinks without much spilling. Takes off clothes.

Between Two and Three

Physical Milestones (Between Two and Three)

Ergometric Graphic Age 2.5 - 3 yrs. (male-female)

2-12 1/2 years respiration rate 20 to 26 respirations per minute
2-3 years pulse rate 93 ± 1.0
2-3 year blood pressure 95 ± 24 systolic, 61 ± 24 diastolic
2-3 year pulse 80-140, respiration 28-32
2-3 year temperature : 99.6F rectal, 98.6F oral, 97.4F axillary
2-3 year PaO2 85-100, PaCO2 35-45
2-3 1/2 years learns bladder control
24 months the average child should have 16 teeth
24 months the average child should weigh 28 lb. height 34 1/2 in.
2 years average female weight 26.4 lb. height 34 in.
2 years average male weight 28.6 lb. height 34 in.
2 years the circumference of the head should have increased to about 20 inches
2 years the circumference of the growing chest should be larger than that of the head
2 years the height is roughly half the total height the child will attain as an adult
2 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 37%, calf 42%, foot 52%, upperarm 40%, forearm 47%, hand 54%
2 years protruding abdomen less noticeable
2 years may be psychologically ready for toilet training
2 years may be bowel trained and may have daytime bladder control
2 years can run with better coordination, while the stance may remain wide
2 years can kick ball without loosing balance
2 years can pick up objects while standing without losing balance
2 years can build a tower of 6 to 7 cubes
2 years can browse through a book one page at a time
2 years able to turn a door knob
24-30 months posterior molars (4) [deciduous]
2 1/2 years the average child should have 20 teeth
30 months the average child should weigh 32 lb. height 36 in.
2 1/2 years average female weight 28.6 lb. height 351/2 in.
2 1/2 years average male weight 30.8 lb. height 35 1/2 in.
2 1/2 years has full set of baby teeth
2-3 years Lordosis and protuberant abdomen of toddler disappear
2-10 years 500-1000 ml/day urine production

Sensory and Cognitive Milestones (Between Two and Three)

vision fully developed
vocabulary has increased to about 300 words
can organize phrases of 2 to 3 words
able to communicate needs such as
thirst,
hunger, need to use the restroom
increased
attention span
able to clothe self in simple apparel

Language Milestones (Between Two and Three)

Identifies body parts
Carries on 'conversation' with self and dolls
Asks "what's that?" And "where's my?"
Uses 2-word negative phrases such as "no want".
Forms some plurals by adding "s"; book, books
Has a 450 word vocabulary
Gives first name, holds up fingers to tell age
Combines nouns and verbs "mommy go"
Understands simple time concepts: "last night", "tomorrow"
Refers to self as "me" rather than by name
Tries to get adult attention: "watch me"
Likes to hear same story repeated
May say "no" when means "yes"
Talks to other children as well as adults
Solves problems by talking instead of hitting or crying
Answers "where" questions
Names common pictures and things
Uses short sentences like "me want more" or "me want cookie"
Matches 3-4 colors, knows big and little

Social/Behavioral Milestones (Between Two and Three)

2 years Helps dress self. Less messy when eating. Turns down handle and opens door. Washes and dries hands.
2 ½ years Helps put things away. Domestic make believe play. Toilet trained during the day.

Between Three and Four

Physical Milestones

Ergometric Graphic Age4 yrs. (male-female)

3-4 years pulse rate 87 ± 0.7
3-4 year blood pressure 99 ± 23 systolic, 65 ± 19 diastolic
3-4 year pulse 80-120, respiration 24-28
3-4 year temperature : 99.6F rectal, 98.6F oral, 97.4F axillary
3-4 year PaO2 85-100, PaCO2 35-45
3 years the average child should weigh 33 lb. height 38 in.
3 years average female weight 30.8 lb. height 37 1/2 in.
3 years average male weight 33 lb. height 37 1/2 in.
3 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 44%, calf 47%, foot 58%, upperarm 47%, forearm 52%, hand 56%
3 years during the 3rd year there is usually a
weight gain of about 6 pounds
3 years during the 3rd year there is usually a height gain of about 3 inches
3 years should have daytime control over bowel and bladder functions and may have nighttime control as well
3 years may stay dry all night
3 years able to ride three wheel toys such as a tricycle or Big Wheel
3 years bowing of legs disappears allowing improved balance and more skilled walking
3 years able to briefly balance on one foot
3 years may walk up the stairs with alternating feet
3 years can construct a block tower of 9 to 10 cubes
3 years can easily place small objects in a small opening
3 1/2 years the average child should weigh 35 lb. height 39 in.
3 1/2 years average female weight 33 lb. height 38 1/2 in.
3 1/2 years average male weight 35.2 lb. height 39 in.

Sensory and Cognitive Milestones

3 years able to completely clothe self, only requiring assistance with laces, buttons, and other fasteners in awkward places
3 years
attention span increasing
3 years feeds self without difficulty
3 years able to prepare uncomplicated meals
3 years may experience an increase in imaginary fears
3 years realization of own self and that of others
3 years social encounters are acted out through play activities
3 years both thought and behavior are egocentric
3 years beginning to grasp the concept of time
3 years decrease in
separation anxiety for short periods of time

Language Milestones

Can tell a story
Has a vocabulary of nearly 1000 words
Has a sentence length of 4-5 words
frequently asks questions
speech is nearly constant regardless of the presence of an audience
Names at least one color
Understands "yesterday," "summer", "lunchtime", "tonight", "little-big"
Begins to obey requests like "put the block under the chair"
Knows his or her last name, name of street on which he/she lives and several nursery rhymes

Social/Behavioral Milestones

3 years Feeds self well. Drinks with help. Puts on socks. Likes to help mother (set table & clean). Sometimes shares things.

Between Four and Five

Physical Milestones

4-5 years pulse rate 84 ± 0.7
4 years the average child should weigh 37 lb. height 40 1/2 in.
4 years average female weight 35.2 lb. height 40 in.
4 years average male weight 37.4 lb. height 40 1/2 in.
4 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 48%, calf 53%, foot 62%, upperarm 54%, forearm 56%, hand 60%
4 years muscle width, arm + calf 8.2cm
4 years
weight gain of about 6 pounds during the 4th year
4 years the height should be double their length at birth
4 years improved balance
4 years hops on one foot without losing balance
4 years throws a ball overhand with coordination
4 years skillfully cuts out a picture using scissors
4 years may not be able to tie shoelaces
4 years dry though night
4-6 years average child weighs 44 lb. height 44 in.
4 1/2 years the average child should weigh 39 lb. height 41 1/2 in.
4 1/2 years average female weight 37.4 lb. height 41 1/2 in.
4 1/2 years average male weight 39.6 lb. height 42 1/2 in.

Sensory and Cognitive Milestones

4 years tries to be very independent
4 years increased aggressive behavior
4 years readily discloses personal family matters to others
4 years imaginary playmates are common
4 years increased comprehension of time
4 years able to distinguish between two objects based on simple criteria (such as size, weight, and so forth)
4 years less egocentric behavior
4 years believes that their thought and emotions are causative events
4 years lack moral concept of right and wrong
4 years rebellion is common if expectations are excessive

Language Milestones

Has a vocabulary of nearly 1500 words
Has sentence length of 4-5 words
Uses past tense correctly
Points to colors red, blue, yellow and green
Identifies triangles, circles and squares
Understands "In the morning" , "next", "noontime"
Can speak of imaginary conditions such as "I hope"
Asks many questions, asks "who?" And "why?"
The age when the child will ask the most questions
May use words outside their comprehension
May begin using vulgar terms depending on their exposure
Learns and sings simple songs

Social/Behavioral Milestones

4 years Dresses self unassisted. Can button clothes. Washes and dries hands and brushes teeth unassisted. Understands taking turns.

Between Five and Six

Physical Milestones

Ergometric Graphic Age 6 yrs. (male-female)

5-6 years pulse rate 79 ± 0.6 and
respiratory rate may decrease
5 years the average child should weigh 42 lb. height 43 in.
5-9 years early Lordosis disappears
5-9 begins to lose baby teeth; first permanent teeth begin to erupt, permanent teeth then appear at a rate of 4 teeth per year from 7-14 years
5 years average female weight 39.6 lb. height 42 1/2 in.
5 years average male weight 41.8 lb. height 43 1/2 in.
5 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 54%, calf 57%, foot 66%, upperarm 57%, forearm 60%, hand 64%
5 years muscle width, arm + calf 8.5cm
5 years increased coordination
5 years skips, jumps, and skates with good balance
5 years able to maintain balance while standing on one foot with eyes closed
5 years able to tie own shoelaces
5 years increased skill with simple tools and writing utensils
5 1/2 years average female weight 41.8 lb. height 44 in.
5 1/2 years average male weight 44 lb. height 44 1/2 in.
6-7 years pulse rate 76 ± 0.6
6 years average female weight 44 lb. height 45 1/2 in.
6 years average male weight 46.2 lb. height 45 1/2 in.
6 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 58%, calf 62%, foot 70%, upperarm 62%, forearm 63%, hand 66%
6 years muscle width, arm + calf 8.8cm
6-7 years first molars (4) [permanent]
6 1/2 years average female weight 46.2 lb. height 46 1/2 in.
6 1/2 years average male weight 48.4 lb. height 47 in.

Sensory and Cognitive Milestones

5 years increasingly responsible
5 years decreased aggressiveness
5 years some fears from earlier childhood are disappearing
5 years able to accept the validity of others view and perspective, but may not understand it
5 years increased mathematical skill
5 years does not hesitate to question others, including parents
5 years there is a strong identification with the parent of the same sex

Language Milestones

Has a vocabulary of around 2000 words
Has a sentence length of 5-6 words
Defines objects by their use (you eat with a fork) and can tell what objects are made of
Knows spatial relations like "on top", "behind", "far" and "near"
Knows the names of the primary colors and may know the names of many more
Knows her address
Identifies a penny, nickel and dime
Knows common opposites like "big/little"
Understands "same" and "different"
Counts ten objects
Asks questions for information
Distinguished left and right hand in herself
Can compose sentences with all parts of speech
Questions are less superficial, addressing meaning and purpose
Uses all types of sentences, for example "let's go to the store after we eat"
At six years the vocabulary has increased to over 2100 words
At six years readily composes sentences of 6 to 8 words

Social/Behavioral Milestones

5 years Independent and self sufficient. Dresses and undresses self. Ties shoelaces. Uses knife and fork.

By Age Seven

Physical Milestones

7 years PMI located 5th or 6th left intercostal space at the midclavicular line or slightly medial to it
7-8 years pulse rate 75 ± 0.7
7 years average female weight 48.4 lb. height 47 1/2 in.
7 years average male weight 50.6 lb. height 48 1/2 in.
7 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 63%, calf 65%, foot 73%, upperarm 66%, forearm 67%, hand 69%
7 years muscle width, arm + calf 9cm
7-8 years incisors (8) [permanent]
7-10 years average child weighs 62 lb. height 52 in.
7 1/2 years average female weight 52.8 lb. height 49 in.
7 1/2 years average male weight 52.8 lb. height 49 in.

By Age Eight

Physical Milestones

Ergometric Graphic Age 8 yrs. (male-female)

8-9 years pulse rate 73 ± 0.7
8 years average female weight 55 lb. height 50 in.
8 years average male weight 55 lb. height 50 in.
8 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 66%, calf 70%, foot 76%, upperarm 69%,
forearm 70%, hand 72%
8 years muscle width, arm + calf 9.3cm
8 1/2 years average female weight 59.4 lb. height 50 1/2 in.
8 1/2 years average male weight 59.4 lb. height 51 in.

By Age Nine

Physical Milestones

9-10 years pulse rate 70 ± 0.6
9 years average female weight 63.8 lb. height 52 in.
9 years average male weight 61.6 lb. height 52 in.
9 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 72%, calf 74%, foot 81%, upperarm 72%, forearm 73%, hand 75%
9 years muscle width, arm + calf 9.6cm
9-10 years bicuspids (8) [permanent]
9-12 years childish appearance of face disappears
9 1/2 years average female weight 68.2 lb. height 53 in.
9 1/2 years average male weight 66 lb. height 53 in.

By Age Ten

Physical Milestones

Ergometric Graphic Age 10 yrs. (male-female)

10-11 years pulse rate 67 ± 0.6
10 years average female weight 72.6 lb. height 54 1/2 in.
10 years average male weight 70.4 lb. height 54 in.
10 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 75%, calf 79%, foot 84%, upperarm 77%, forearm 78%, hand 80%
10 years muscle width, arm + calf 10cm
10 years the size of testes 1.75ml
10-14 years (female) breast development
10-14 years (female) pubic hair appears
10-16 years (female) growth rate increase
10 1/2 years average female weight 77 lb. height 56 in.
10 1/2 years average male weight 74.8 lb. height 55 in.

By Age Eleven

Physical Milestones

11-12 years pulse rate 67 ± 0.6
11 years average female weight 81.4 lb. height 57 in.
11 years average male weight 77 lb. height 56 1/2 in.
11 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 80%, calf 82%, foot 87%, upperarm 81%, forearm 81%, hand 82%
11 years muscle width, arm + calf 10.3cm
11 years the size of testes 2.5ml
11-14 years average female weight 101 lb. height 62 in.
11-14 years average male weight 99 lb. height 62 in.
11-15 years 700-1400 ml/day urine production
11-16 years (male) pubic hair appears
11-17 years (female) menstruation
11-17 years (male) testicle growth
11 1/2 years average female weight 85.8 lb. height 58 1/2 in.
11 1/2 years average male weight 83.6 lb. height 58 in.

By Age Twelve

Physical Milestones

Ergometric Graphic Age 12 yrs. (male-female)

12-13 years pulse rate 66 ± 0.6
12 years average female weight 92.4 lb. height 60 in.
12 years average male weight 88 lb. height 59 in.
12 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 85%, calf 86%, foot 90%, upperarm 83%, forearm 84%, hand 85%
12 years muscle width, arm + calf 10.7cm
12 years the size of testes 4.0ml
12-14 years canines (4) [permanent]
12-15 years second molars (4) [permanent]
12-16 years underarm hair appears
12-16 years (male) penis growth
12-18 years (male) growth rate increase
12 1/2 years respiration rate 12 to 18 respirations per minute
12 1/2 years the forehead becomes more prominent (caused by the growth of brow ridges and air sinuses), both jaws grow forward(lower more than upper)
12 1/2 years aureola diameter doubles from 1/2in. to 1 in. in males, and triples in females to 1 1/2in.
12 1/2 years acceleration of penis growth
12 1/2 years average female weight 96.8 lb. height 61 in.
12 1/2 years average male weight 94.6 lb. height 60 in.

By Age Thirteen

Physical Milestones

Ergometric Graphic Age 13 yrs. (male-female)

13-14 years pulse rate 65 ± 0.8
13 years average female weight 101.2 lb. height 62 in.
13 years average male weight 99 lb. height 61 1/2 in.
13 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 89%, calf 89%, foot 91%, upperarm 85%, forearm 86%, hand 87%
13 years muscle width, arm + calf 11.3cm
13 years the size of testes 7.2ml
13-14 years (male) enlargement of voicebox
13--18 years (male) underarm hair appears
13 1/2 years average female weight 105.6 lb. height 62 1/2 in.
13 1/2 years average male weight 105.6 lb. height 63 in.

By Age Fourteen

Physical Milestones

Ergometric Graphic Age 14 yrs. (male-female)

14-15 years pulse rate 62 ± 0.7
14 years average female weight 110 lb. height 63 in.
14 years average male weight 112.2 lb. height 64 in.
14 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 92%, calf 92%, foot 94%, upperarm 91%, forearm 91%, hand 91%
14 years muscle width, arm + calf 12cm
14 years the size of testes 11ml
14-17 years (male) deepening of voice
14 1/2 years completion of penis growth
14 1/2 years average female weight 114.4 lb. height 63 1/2 in.
14 1/2 years average male weight 118.8 lb. height 65 1/2 in.

By Age Fifteen

Physical Milestones

15 years onward (male) 800-2000 ml/day urine production
15 years onward (female) 800-1600 ml/day urine production
15-16 years pulse rate 61 ± 0.9
15 years average female weight 118.8 lb. height 63 1/2 in.
15 years average male weight 125.4 lb. height 66 1/2 in.
15 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 93%, calf 93%, foot 95%, upperarm 92%, forearm 92%, hand 93%
15 years muscle width, arm + calf 12.5cm
15 years the size of testes 15ml
15-18 years average female weight 120 lb. height 64 in.
15-18 years average male weight 145 lb. height 69 in.
15 1/2 years average female weight 120 lb. height 64 in.
15 1/2 years average male weight 132 lb. height 67 1/2 in.

By Age Sixteen

Physical Milestones

Ergometric Graphic Age 16 yrs. (male-female)

16-17 years pulse rate 61 ± 0.9
16 years average female weight 120 lb. height 64 in.
16 years average male weight 136.4 lb. height 68 1/2 in.
16 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 93%, calf 94%, foot 95%, upperarm 95%, forearm 95%, hand 95%
16 years muscle width, arm + calf 13.5cm
16 years the size of testes 19ml
16 1/2 years average female weight 120 lb. height 64 in.
16 1/2 years average male weight 143 lb. height 69 in.

By Age Seventeen

Physical Milestones

17-18 years pulse rate 60 ± 1.4
17 years average female weight 120 lb. height 64 in.
17 years average male weight 147.4 lb. height 69 1/2 in.
17 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 97%, calf 97%, foot 97%, upperarm 97%, forearm 97%, hand 97%
17 years muscle width, arm + calf 14.1cm
17 years the size of testes 21ml
17-25 years third molars (4) [permanent]
17 1/2 years average female weight 120 lb. height 64 in.
17 1/2 years average male weight 149.6 lb. height 70 in.

By Age Eighteen

Physical Milestones

18 years average female weight 120 lb. height 64 in.
18 years average male weight 151.8 lb. height 70 in.
18 years the percent of (male) adult value of thigh 100%, calf 100%, foot 100%, upperarm 100%, forearm 100%, hand 100%
18 years muscle width, arm + calf 14.4cm
18 years the size of testes 21ml

Above Age Eighteen

Ergometric Graphic 50 percentile Adult Female frontal view

Ergometric Graphic 50 percentile Adult Female side view

Ergometric Graphic 50 percentile Adult Male frontal view

Ergometric Graphic 50 percentile Adult Male side view

19-22 years average female weight 120 lb. height 64 in.
19-22 years average male weight 154 lb. height 70 in.
23-50 years average female weight 120 lb. height 64 in.
23-50 years average male weight 154 lb. height 70 in.
Note: Between birth and 1 years the child is called an infant, between 1 and 3 years the child is called a toddler, between 3 and 5 years the child is called a preschooler, between 6 and 12 years the child is referred to as a school age child, and between 12-18 years the child is called an adolescent.
Note that the weight curve is the 50th percentile for all groups

Note: Human measurement data and dimensioned drawings were collected for educational purposes from a book entitled "The Measure of Man and Woman: Human Factors in Design" by Alvin R. Tilley, Henry Dreyfuss Associates, New York. Published by Whitney Library of Design, an imprint of Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1993.